Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi damun mutane game da maganin hasken ja shine yankin ido. Mutane suna son amfani da hasken ja a fatar fuska, amma suna damuwa cewa hasken ja mai haske da aka nuna a can bazai dace da idanunsu ba. Akwai wani abu da za a damu da shi? Shin hasken ja zai iya lalata idanu? Ko kuma zai iya zama da amfani sosai kuma ya taimaka wajen warkar da idanunmu?
Gabatarwa
Idanu wataƙila su ne sassan jikinmu mafi rauni da daraja. Fahimtar gani muhimmin ɓangare ne na ƙwarewarmu ta sani, kuma wani abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci ga aikinmu na yau da kullun. Idanun ɗan adam suna da matuƙar saurin amsawa ga haske, suna iya bambance tsakanin launuka har zuwa miliyan 10. Hakanan suna iya gano haske tsakanin raƙuman ruwa na 400nm da 700nm.
Ba mu da kayan aikin da za mu iya gani kusa da hasken infrared (kamar yadda ake amfani da shi a cikin maganin hasken infrared), kamar yadda ba ma ganin wasu raƙuman haske na EM kamar UV, Microwaves, da sauransu. Kwanan nan an tabbatar da cewa ido zai iya gano photon guda ɗaya. Kamar sauran wurare a jiki, idanu sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyin halitta na musamman, duk suna yin ayyuka na musamman. Muna da ƙwayoyin halitta don gano ƙarfin haske, ƙwayoyin halitta masu siffar mazugi don gano launi, ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban na epithelial, ƙwayoyin halitta masu ban dariya, ƙwayoyin halitta masu samar da collagen, da sauransu. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta (da kyallen takarda) suna da rauni ga wasu nau'ikan haske. Duk ƙwayoyin halitta suna samun fa'idodi daga wasu nau'ikan haske. Bincike a yankin ya ƙaru sosai a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata.
Wane Launi/Tsawon Haske Yake Da Amfani Ga Idanu?
Yawancin binciken da suka nuna tasirin amfani suna amfani da LEDs a matsayin tushen haske tare da mafi yawansu a kusa da tsawon nisan 670nm (ja). Tsawon raƙuman ruwa da nau'in/tushen haske ba su ne kawai muhimman abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan ba, domin ƙarfin haske da lokacin da aka ɗauka yana shafar sakamakon.
Ta yaya hasken ja ke taimaka wa idanu?
Ganin cewa idanunmu su ne babban kyallen da ke da sauƙin fahimtar haske a jikinmu, mutum zai iya tunanin cewa shan hasken ja ta hanyar jajayen mazurarinmu yana da alaƙa da tasirin da aka gani a cikin binciken. Ba haka lamarin yake ba gaba ɗaya.
Babban ka'idar da ke bayanin tasirin maganin hasken ja da na kusa da infrared, a ko'ina cikin jiki, ta ƙunshi hulɗar da ke tsakanin haske da mitochondria. Babban aikin mitochondria shine samar da makamashi ga ƙwayoyin halittarsa -Maganin haske yana inganta ikonsa na samar da kuzari.
Idanun mutane, musamman ƙwayoyin retina, suna da mafi girman buƙatun metabolism fiye da kowace nama a cikin jiki gaba ɗaya - suna buƙatar kuzari mai yawa. Hanya ɗaya tilo da za a iya biyan wannan buƙatar mai yawa ita ce ƙwayoyin su ɗauki yawancin mitochondria - don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ƙwayoyin da ke cikin idanu suna da mafi girman yawan mitochondria a ko'ina cikin jiki.
Ganin cewa maganin haske yana aiki ta hanyar hulɗa da mitochondria, kuma idanu suna da tushen mitochondria mafi ƙarfi a jiki, zato ne mai ma'ana a yi hasashe cewa haske zai kuma yi tasiri mafi zurfi a idanu idan aka kwatanta da sauran jiki. Bugu da ƙari, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa lalacewar ido da retina yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da rashin aikin mitochondria. Don haka maganin da zai iya dawo da mitochondria, wanda akwai da yawa, a cikin ido shine mafi kyawun hanyar.
Mafi kyawun tsawon haske
Hasken nm 670, wani nau'in haske mai zurfi ja da ake iya gani, shine mafi yawan bincike a kan dukkan yanayin ido. Sauran raƙuman ruwa masu sakamako mai kyau sun haɗa da 630nm, 780nm, 810nm da 830nm. Laser vs. LEDs - abin lura: Ana iya amfani da hasken ja daga lasers ko LEDs a ko'ina a jiki, kodayake akwai banda ɗaya ga lasers musamman - idanu. Lasers BA su dace da maganin haske ga idanu ba.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin hasken laser mai layi ɗaya/mai haɗin kai, wanda ruwan tabarau na ido zai iya mayar da hankali zuwa wani ƙaramin wuri. Duk hasken laser zai iya shiga ido kuma duk wannan kuzarin yana taruwa zuwa wani ƙaramin wuri mai ƙarfi a kan retina, yana ba da ƙarfin ƙarfi mai yawa, kuma yana iya ƙonewa/lalacewa bayan ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan. Hasken LED yana fitowa a kusurwa don haka ba shi da wannan matsala.
Ƙarfin ƙarfi & kashi
Hasken ja yana ratsa ido tare da watsawa sama da kashi 95%. Wannan gaskiya ne ga hasken infrared da makamancin haka ga sauran hasken da ake iya gani kamar shuɗi/kore/rawaya. Ganin wannan hasken ja mai yawa, idanu suna buƙatar irin wannan hanyar magani kamar fata. Nazarin yana amfani da kusan ƙarfin 50mW/cm2, tare da ƙananan allurai na 10J/cm2 ko ƙasa da haka. Don ƙarin bayani game da allurar maganin haske, duba wannan rubutun.
Haske mai cutarwa ga idanu
Raƙuman hasken shuɗi, shuɗi da UV (200nm-480nm) ba su da kyau ga idanu, wanda ke da alaƙa da lalacewar ido ko lalacewa a cikin cornea, barkwanci, ruwan tabarau da jijiyar gani. Wannan ya haɗa da hasken shuɗi kai tsaye, amma kuma hasken shuɗi a matsayin wani ɓangare na hasken fari kamar kwararan fitila na LED na gida/titin titi ko allon kwamfuta/waya. Hasken fari mai haske, musamman waɗanda ke da zafin jiki mai yawa (3000k+), suna da babban kaso na hasken shuɗi kuma ba su da lafiya ga idanu. Hasken rana, musamman hasken rana na tsakar rana wanda ke nuna daga ruwa, shi ma yana ɗauke da babban kaso na shuɗi, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar ido akan lokaci. Abin farin ciki shine yanayin duniya yana tace (watsawa) hasken shuɗi zuwa wani mataki - wani tsari da ake kira 'watsawa ta rayleigh' - amma hasken rana na tsakar rana har yanzu yana da yawa, kamar yadda hasken rana yake a sararin samaniya da 'yan sama jannati ke gani. Ruwa yana shan hasken ja fiye da hasken shuɗi, don haka hasken rana daga tafkuna/teku/da sauransu shine tushen shuɗi mai ƙarfi. Ba wai kawai hasken rana mai nuna haske ba ne zai iya yin illa, kamar yadda 'idon mai hawan igiyar ruwa' matsala ce da ta shafi lalacewar hasken UV. Masu yawon buɗe ido, mafarauta da sauran mutane a waje za su iya haɓaka wannan. Ma'aikatan jiragen ruwa na gargajiya kamar tsoffin jami'an ruwa da 'yan fashin teku kusan koyaushe suna fuskantar matsalolin gani bayan 'yan shekaru, galibi saboda hasken rana da teku, wanda matsalolin abinci suka ƙara ta'azzara. Raƙuman infrared masu nisa (kuma kawai zafi gabaɗaya) na iya zama illa ga idanu, kamar yadda yake ga sauran ƙwayoyin jiki, lalacewar aiki tana faruwa da zarar ƙwayoyin suka yi zafi sosai (46°C+ / 115°F+). Ma'aikata a cikin tsoffin ayyukan da suka shafi murhu kamar sarrafa injin da busar gilashi koyaushe suna haifar da matsalolin ido (saboda zafi da ke fitowa daga gobara/tanda yana da matuƙar infrared). Hasken laser yana iya zama illa ga idanu, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama. Wani abu kamar laser shuɗi ko UV zai zama mafi ɓarna, amma laser kore, rawaya, ja da kusa da infrared har yanzu yana iya haifar da lahani.
Yanayin ido ya taimaka
Ganin gaba ɗaya - hangen nesa na zahiri, Ciwon ido, Ciwon ido na masu ciwon suga, Ciwon ido na Macular - wanda aka fi sani da AMD ko lalacewar macular da ke da alaƙa da shekaru, Kurakuran Refractive, Glaucoma, Bushe Eye, da kuma masu floaters.
Aikace-aikace masu amfani
Amfani da hasken ido kafin a fallasa rana (ko kuma a fallasa ga haske mai haske). A yi amfani da shi kowace rana/sati-sati don hana lalacewar ido.